Simulator WIA SOOM

Nchekwa ọrụ — ikpughe mkpọtụ Ụdị dị ndụ

Ị bụ onye isi nchekwa maka otu mmadụ isii n'oge ọrụ awa asatọ. Otu mpaghara na-ada mbọ — ọrụ mmezi ma ọ bụ igwe — ma ndị ọzọ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-ada mbọ n'ọkwa dị ala. Kwa nkeji iri, ihe nlereanya ahụ na-agbakwunye dose mkpọtụ onye ọrụ ọ bụla site n'iwu ikpughe a kwadoro nke OSHA na oke a tụrụ aro nke NIOSH, na-agụ nchebe ihe nchebe ntị ha na-enye n'ezie, ma na-agbakọta ihe otu na-emepụta. Nlereanya agụmakwụkwọ naanị — ọ bụghị ndụmọdụ iwu, nkwekọrịta ma ọ bụ ahụike.

Ihe ị ga-amụta

Simulator

Oge 0 min
Dose OSHA PEL kacha elu 0% · Dose NIOSH kacha elu n'ntị 0% · E mechara ọrụ mkpọtụ 100% · Mmepụta megide atụmatụ shift 0% · Ọkwa n'ọrụ mkpọtụ 85.0 dBA · Otu n'ọrụ 6 · Ndị ọrụ nwere ihe nchebe 0Ọrụ mkpọtụ85 dBA■Ahịrị mmepụta82 dBANzukọ78 dBAỤlọ udo62 dBA▲ Dose OSHA PEL · ▼ Dose NIOSH n'ntị (│ = 100 %)E mechara ọrụ mkpọtụ 100% · Mmepụta megide atụmatụ shift 0% · 0 ngwaahịa/h · ◉ 0/6
  • Onye ọrụ, dose n'okpuru 50 %
  • Onye ọrụ, dose 50–100 %
  • Onye ọrụ, dose karịrị 100 %
  • Nwere ihe nchebe ntị
  • Mpaghara na 95 dBA ma ọ bụ karịa
  • Mgbidi (e wuru / a na-ewu)

Njikwa

Onye na-ejupụta ebe mkpọtụ. Ebe ndebe = otu ndị ahụ n'oge shift niile; kwa elekere = ebe mkpọtụ na-agafe otu ahụ kwa elekere; dose-based = kwa elekere ndị ọrụ nwere dose kacha ala na-ewere ha.

Ọrụ mmezi na-aga n'ihu na mmadụ abụọ kacha n'ihu ọrụ; igwe na-emepụta kwa onye na-arụ ya. Onye ọ bụla n'ebe ahụ na-ekpughere.

Onye ọrụ ọ bụla na-etinye nkeji 10 kwa elekere n'ụlọ udo, n'oge dị iche iche. Ntinye dị ntakịrị, aka ole na ole.

Mbelata n'ime ubi (NRR − 7)/2: foam plug NRR 29 → 11 dB, earmuff NRR 25 → 9 dB, abụọ ọnụ → 16 dB.

Na-ebuli òkè oge ejiri ihe nchebe n'ezie site na ihe dị ka 80 % ruo ihe dị ka 97 %.

Na-akwụsị isi mmalite ozugbo. Ndị ọrụ mkpọtụ na-aga n'ahịrị; ọrụ ma ọ bụ mmepụta igwe na-eche.

Panel gburugburu isi mmalite na-ebelata ya site na 10 dB mgbe nwụnye nkeji 60 gasịrị; ọrụ n'ime na-aga ihe dị ka 10 % nwayọọ.

Na-abịa nkeji 30 ka e mesịrị na dose ọhụrụ. Otu ruo asatọ.

Ihe ngosi

Dose OSHA PEL kacha elu
0%
nkịtị
Dose NIOSH kacha elu n'ntị
0%
nkịtị
E mechara ọrụ mkpọtụ
100%
nkịtị
Mmepụta megide atụmatụ shift
0%
dị oke egwu
TWA 8-h kacha elu (OSHA, ọnụ ụzọ 80-dB)40.0 dBA
TWA 8-h kacha elu n'ntị (NIOSH)40.0 dBA
Dose PEL e chere na ngwụcha shift (ọsọ ugbu a)0 %
Ndị ọrụ n'elu dose PEL 100 %0
Ọkwa n'ọrụ mkpọtụ85.0 dBA
Ọkwa n'ahịrị82.0 dBA
Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta0 units/h
Otu n'ọrụ6
Ndị ọrụ nwere ihe nchebe0
Nwụnye mgbidi fọdụrụ-1 min

Ọnọdụ

Dose OSHA PEL kacha elu: — %2000

Ọnọdụ nsogbu

Ọkwa 1 · Ọrụ mmezi dị mkpọtụ

Na 07:30 a ga-ata ma gbanwee ihe e ji kpuchie hopper: awa ọrụ atọ na 104 dBA, emechara n'oge ọrụ a, ma mmadụ abụọ naanị ka dabara n'ebe ọrụ. Enweghị ike ịtụnye panel mgbidi n'ime hopper, ma e nyebeghị ihe nchebe ntị ọ bụla n'ụtụtụ a. Ahịrị ga-aga n'ihu. Onweghị onye nwere ike ịkwụsị oge ọrụ n'elu 100 % nke dose OSHA, ma ntị ga-anọkwa n'ime oke NIOSH.

  • Dose OSHA PEL kacha elu ≤ 100 % na ngwụcha
  • Dose NIOSH kacha elu n'ntị ≤ 100 %
  • E mechara ọrụ mmezi n'oge shift a
  • Mmepụta ≥ 95 % nke atụmatụ shift

Ọkwa 2 · Ụkọ ihe nchebe ntị

Nnyefe earplug abịaghị ma earmuff abụọ naanị nọ n'ebe ahụ. Igwe mmepụta na-agba shift niile na 96 dBA na ndị na-arụ ya abụọ, ma panel mgbidi nọ n'ọrụ ọzọ. Hazie shift ka onye ọ bụla ghara ịgafe dose OSHA ma ọ bụ oke ntị NIOSH — ma mmepụta ka na-emezu atụmatụ.

  • Dose OSHA PEL kacha elu ≤ 100 % na ngwụcha
  • Dose NIOSH kacha elu n'ntị ≤ 100 %
  • Mmepụta ≥ 95 % nke atụmatụ shift

Ọkwa 3 · Mbọ mmepụta, igwe ọhụrụ dị mkpọtụ

Igwe ịkpụ ọhụrụ na-amalite na 07:30 iji zute atụmatụ e buliri. Ọ na-atụ 103 dBA n'ebe onye na-arụ ọrụ ma chọọ ndị na-arụ ọrụ abụọ. Foam earplug dị n'aka. Mezuo atụmatụ n'enweghị onye gafere dose OSHA ma ọ bụ oke ntị NIOSH.

  • Dose OSHA PEL kacha elu ≤ 100 % na ngwụcha
  • Dose NIOSH kacha elu n'ntị ≤ 100 %
  • Mmepụta ≥ 95 % nke atụmatụ e buliri

Ntọala — ụdị dị n'azụ ọnụọgụ

Mmekọrịta ọ bụla simulator na-eji, na isi mmalite ya. Ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe akara dị ka echiche bụ nhazi ngosi.

Ọkwa olu na-agbakwunye dị ka ume: isi mmalite abụọ hà nhata dị 3 dB mkpọtụ karịa otu. Mpaghara ọ bụla na-anụ ndabara nke ya na isi mmalite mkpọtụ, belatara site na anya na mgbidi.
L_area = 10·log10(10^(L_bg/10) + 10^((L_src − spill − IL)/10)) + N(0, 1 dB)[6]Echiche: ndabara ebe, ịgbasa, nsonaazụ mgbidi na oge ndu, nrubeisi iyi ya, ọsọ mmepụta na mgbanwe ọkwa bụ ụkpụrụ ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ izugbo; iwu dose n'onwe ha bụ ndị e bipụtara.
Dose OSHA: oge C ọ bụla na ọkwa L na-eji C/T nke ụbọchị, ebe T na-ekewa ọkara kwa 5 dB n'elu 90 dBA. Ngụkọta 100 % bụ oke ikpughe a na-anabata (PEL).
T = 8 / 2^((L − 90)/5) h; D = 100·Σ Cᵢ/Tᵢ (levels ≥ 90 dBA for the PEL, ≥ 80 dBA for the action level)[1][2][3]
Dose na nkezi oge-atụ awa 8 bụ otu ozi: 50 % = 85 dBA (ọkwa omume nke mmemme nchekwa ntị), 100 % = 90 dBA.
TWA_OSHA = 16.61·log10(D/100) + 90; D = 50 % ⇔ 85 dBA (action level), D = 100 % ⇔ 90 dBA (PEL)[2]
Oke NIOSH a tụrụ aro: 85 dBA maka awa 8, na-ekewa oge ọkara kwa 3 dB — iwu ume hà nhata. Na 100 dBA nke ahụ bụ nkeji 15.
T = 8 / 2^((L − 85)/3) h (80–140 dBA integrated); TWA_NIOSH = 10·log10(D/100) + 85[4]
Akara ihe nchebe bụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ nyocha. OSHA na-ewepụ 7 dB maka ọgụgụ A-weighted wee kewaa ihe fọdụrụ ọkara; iyi plug na muff ọnụ na-agbakwunye naanị ihe dị ka 5 dB na nke ka mma.
A = (NRR − 7)/2 (dBA, 50 % field derating); dual = max(A_plug, A_muff) + 5; plug NRR 29 → 11 dB, muff NRR 25 → 9 dB, dual → 16 dB[3]
Nkeji ejighị a na-agụ na ọkwa zuru oke. N'ihi na ume na-agbakwunye, ihe nchebe ejiri 80 % nke oge na 100 dBA na-enye ihe pere mpe karịa akara ya.
ear dose per tick = w·r(L − A) + (1 − w)·r(L); w ~ N(c, 0.05) clipped to [0,1], c = 0.80 (0.97 enforced)[7][4]Echiche: ndabara ebe, ịgbasa, nsonaazụ mgbidi na oge ndu, nrubeisi iyi ya, ọsọ mmepụta na mgbanwe ọkwa bụ ụkpụrụ ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ izugbo; iwu dose n'onwe ha bụ ndị e bipụtara.
Mgbidi na-ebelata ọkwa maka onye ọ bụla nso isi mmalite; mgbanwe na ezumike naanị na-ekekọrịta ma ọ bụ belata oge e ji n'ebe ahụ.
enclosure: L_src − 10 dB after 60 min, task productivity × 0.9; rotation/breaks change Cᵢ, not L[5][6]Echiche: ndabara ebe, ịgbasa, nsonaazụ mgbidi na oge ndu, nrubeisi iyi ya, ọsọ mmepụta na mgbanwe ọkwa bụ ụkpụrụ ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ izugbo; iwu dose n'onwe ha bụ ndị e bipụtara.
Mmepụta na-eso ebe e debere ndị ọrụ: ebe n'ahịrị na n'igwe na-emepụta, ụlọ udo anaghị.
output = Σ workers rate(area)·(1 + 0.1·z); loud job progress = min(n_loud, 2) × 10 minEchiche: ndabara ebe, ịgbasa, nsonaazụ mgbidi na oge ndu, nrubeisi iyi ya, ọsọ mmepụta na mgbanwe ọkwa bụ ụkpụrụ ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ izugbo; iwu dose n'onwe ha bụ ndị e bipụtara.
Ihe ndị ọzọ kwụsiri ike nke ụdị ahụ na-eji.
backgrounds: loud area 85, line 82, assembly 78, quiet room 62 dBA · source spill −20 dB at the line, −26 dB at assembly, −45 dB in the quiet room · line 3 posts at 1 unit per 10 min, assembly 0.5 · 10-min quiet break per hour, staggered · extra worker arrives after 30 min, crew ≤ 8Echiche: ndabara ebe, ịgbasa, nsonaazụ mgbidi na oge ndu, nrubeisi iyi ya, ọsọ mmepụta na mgbanwe ọkwa bụ ụkpụrụ ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ izugbo; iwu dose n'onwe ha bụ ndị e bipụtara.

Enweghị usoro: ihe mmepụta mulberry32 nwere mkpụrụ; nkesa ejiri — uniform, exponential (inverse CDF), normal (Box–Muller), Poisson (Knuth). A na-egosi mkpụrụ ma nwee ike ikekọrịta ya.

Isi mmalite

  1. 29 CFR 1910.95 — Occupational noise exposure (Table G-16, mixed exposure ΣC/T, action level 85 dBA, hearing protectors) — U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 1983
  2. 29 CFR 1910.95 Appendix A — Noise exposure computation (T = 8/2^((L−90)/5), TWA = 16.61·log10(D/100) + 90) — U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  3. OSHA Technical Manual, Section III Chapter 5 — Noise (90-dB PEL vs 80-dB HCA thresholds, NRR derating (NRR−7)/2, dual protection +5 dB) — U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  4. Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Noise Exposure, Revised Criteria 1998 (REL 85 dBA, 3-dB exchange rate, 80–140 dBA integrated, T = 480/2^((L−85)/3) min) — NIOSH, DHHS Publication No. 98-126, 1998
  5. Occupational Noise Exposure — Exposure & Controls (enclosures, barriers, limiting time at the source, quiet areas, rotation) — U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  6. D. A. Bies, C. H. Hansen, C. Q. Howard — Engineering Noise Control (decibel addition, enclosures and barriers, insertion loss) — CRC Press, 5th ed., 2017
  7. E. H. Berger et al. (eds.) — The Noise Manual, 5th ed. (hearing protector field performance; effect of wearing time on effective attenuation) — American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2003

Ndị na-arụ nke a dị ka ọrụ

Ụdị agụmakwụkwọ — ọ bụghị maka mkpebi ọrụ. Ebe n'ezie na-edozi ihe niile na-agbanwe agbanwe dịka ngwá ọrụ na data nke ha si dị.