Simulator WIA SOOM

Akụkọ carbon — ndepụta GHG na atụmatụ mbelata Ụdị dị ndụ

Ị na-ejikwa ndekọ carbon nke onye na-emepụta ngwaahịa nkịtị. Kwa ọnwa ụdị ahụ na-atụgharị mmanụ, ọkụ eletrik na ịzụrụ ahịa ka ọ bụrụ tọn nke CO₂-equivalent site na ihe ntọhapụ e bipụtara, na-edozi ha n'ime scope 1, 2 na 3 dị ka GHG Protocol na-eme, na-eso etu data si zuo ezu na etu ha si enweghị nkwenye, ma tụnyere ọnwa iri na abụọ na-aga n'ihu na ụzọ mbelata 4.2 % kwa afọ site na afọ ntọala. Ị na-ekpebi maka nlele, isonye ndị na-ebupụta ngwaahịa, asambodo ọkụ eletrik nwere ike ịmaliteghachi, carbon credits na ọrụ mbelata anọ nwere oge ndu n'ezie na mmefu ego. Simulation maka agụmakwụkwọ naanị — ọ bụghị ndụmọdụ ndekọ ego, assurance, iwu ma ọ bụ itinye ego.

Ihe ị ga-amụta

Simulator

Oge 0 ọnwa
Ntọhapụ zuru ezu n'ọnwa a 0 t CO₂e · Scope 1 (mmanụ) 0 · Scope 2, dabere na ahịa 0 · Scope 3, ngwaahịa azụtara 0 · Oghere n'ụzọ mbelata (ọnwa 12 na-aga n'ihu) 0.0% · Enweghị nkwenye nke ndepụta (95 %) ±0.0% · Mmefu ego e jiri 0% · Ịkọgharị afọ ntọala 0Ọnwa a · 0 t CO₂e · Òkè Scope 3 0%┆ scope 2 dabere n'ebe ọ dị 0 tNet mgbe credits gasịrị (a naghị eji makaebumnuche) 0 tMmepụta megide afọ ntọala 100%Ntọhapụ kwa ọnwa maka mmepụta afọ ntọala 0 t± 0.0% · ✓ Ịkọgharị afọ ntọala 0Ntọhapụ nchịkọta megide ụzọ (carbon budget) 0%Ọrụ mbelataỌnwa 12 gara aga, kt CO₂e0.0 n'ezie ✓ 0.0%0.0 e kwereData ọrụ a tụrụ 90%Mmefu na data nke ndị na-ebupụtangwaahịa pụrụ iche 0%Mmefu ego e jiri 0%○ Ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma250 k€○ Heat pump2000 k€○ Anyanwụ1000 k€○ Ụgbọ ala800 k€
  • Scope 1 — mmanụ a na-ere ọkụ n'ebe ahụ
  • Scope 2 — ọkụ eletrik azụtara (dabere na ahịa)
  • Scope 3 — ngwaahịa azụtara
  • Ọrụ akwadoghị ego
  • Ọrụ a na-ewu
  • Na-agba ọsọ

Njikwa

Sub-mita, ndekọ mmanụ na ịnara invoice maka saịtị ọ bụla: òkè data ọrụ tụrụ na-arị elu ruo 95 % n'ime ọnwa ole na ole. 10 k€ kwa ọnwa.

Ndị na-ebupụta ngwaahịa sonyere na-ekerịta data ntọhapụ nke ọkwa ngwaahịa (kama nkezi nke dabere na mmefu) ma, mgbe ha tọrọ ebumnuche, na-ebelata ike nke ha. Na-efu 4 k€ + 50 k€ × òkè kwa ọnwa.

Energy attribute certificates na-edobe òkè ekpuchiri na efu na scope 2 dabere na ahịa. Scope 2 dabere n'ebe ọ dị anaghị agbanwe. Ihe dị ka € 4 maka MWh ọ bụla.

Credits naanị na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ "net". Ntọhapụ zuru ezu na ọganihu megide ebumnuche anaghị agbanwe. Ihe dị ka € 15 maka tọn ọ bụla.

Ìhè, nkụpụ ikuku a kpagburu, drive ọsọ na-agbanwe agbanwe: −10 % ọkụ eletrik. 250 k€, dị njikere n'ọnwa 2.

Ihe dị ka 100 MWh kwa ọnwa n'ozuzu, karịa n'oge ọkọchị. Na-ebelata ụzọ scope 2 abụọ. 1,000 k€, dị njikere n'ọnwa 6.

Na-ewere ọkara nke okpomọkụ usoro nke gas na-ekpo (ịrụ ọrụ boiler 0.9 → heat pump COP 3): scope 1 pere mpe, ọkụ eletrik karịa. 2,000 k€, dị njikere n'ọnwa 9.

Na-edochi 80 % nke ụgbọ ala diesel; ụgbọ ala eletrik chọrọ ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ume ahụ. 800 k€, dị njikere n'ọnwa 8.

Ihe ngosi

Oghere n'ụzọ mbelata (ọnwa 12 na-aga n'ihu)
0.0%
ịdọ aka ná ntị
Enweghị nkwenye nke ndepụta (95 %)
0.0%
nkịtị
Mmefu ego e jiri
0%
nkịtị
Ịkọgharị afọ ntọala
0
nkịtị
Ntọhapụ zuru ezu n'ọnwa a0 t CO₂e
Scope 1 (mmanụ)0 t CO₂e
Scope 2, dabere na ahịa0 t CO₂e
Scope 2, dabere n'ebe ọ dị0 t CO₂e
Scope 3, ngwaahịa azụtara0 t CO₂e
Òkè Scope 30 %
Net mgbe credits gasịrị (a naghị eji maka ebumnuche)0 t CO₂e
Ntọhapụ zuru ezu nke ọnwa 12 na-aga n'ihu0.0 kt CO₂e
Ihe ụzọ ahụ kwere maka otu ọnwa 12 ahụ0.0 kt CO₂e
Ntọhapụ nchịkọta megide ụzọ (carbon budget)0 %
Ntọhapụ kwa ọnwa maka mmepụta afọ ntọala0 t CO₂e
Ntọhapụ e kọrọ megide nke bụ eziokwu n'ọnwa a0.0 %
Data ọrụ a tụrụ90 %
Mmefu na data nke ndị na-ebupụta ngwaahịa pụrụ iche0 %
Ego e mefuru0 k€
Mmepụta megide afọ ntọala100 %

Ọnọdụ

Oghere n'ụzọ mbelata (ọnwa 12 na-aga n'ihu): — %40.0-40.0

Ọnọdụ nsogbu

Ọkwa 1 · Ndepụta mbụ, data nwere oghere

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-akwado ndepụta gas ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ mbụ ya; afọ a ga-abụ afọ ntọala. Naanị ihe dị ka 30 % nke ojiji mmanụ na ọkụ eletrik ka a na-atụ — a na-atụ atụ ndị ọzọ site na ndekọ ezughị ezu, ma ụfọdụ saịtị na invoice na-efu n'ezie. A na-agụ ngwaahịa azụtara site na nkezi dabere na mmefu. A na-ebipụta afọ ntọala mgbe ọnwa 12 gasịrị, ma mbụ limited-assurance na-elebanye ya n'ọnwa 15. Zere ịkọgharị ma belata enweghị nkwenye, n'ime mmefu ego 1.2 M€.

  • Enweghị ịkọgharị afọ ntọala
  • Enweghị nkwenye nke ndepụta ≤ ±15 % n'ọnwa 24
  • Mmefu n'ime mmefu ego e kwere

Ọkwa 2 · Afọ uto n'ụzọ 1.5 °C

E bipụtara afọ ntọala ugbu a: ihe dị ka 22 kt CO₂e, ọkara ya bụ okpomọkụ usoro nke gas na-ekpo. Asambodo ọkụ eletrik nwere ike ịmaliteghachi kpuchiri ọkụ eletrik niile. Akwụkwọ iwu ọhụrụ ga-eweli mmepụta site na 12 % kwa afọ n'afọ abụọ ndị na-abịa, ebumnuche bụ zuru oke: n'afọ abụọ, ọnwa iri na abụọ na-aga n'ihu ga-adị 8.4 % n'okpuru afọ ntọala, ma ntọhapụ nchịkọta ga-anọ n'ime carbon budget nke ụzọ ahụ. Ị nwere 3 M€. Onye otu bọọdụ na-atụ aro ịzụta credits kama.

  • Ọnwa 12 na-aga n'ihu n'ụzọ ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ya n'ọnwa 24
  • Ntọhapụ nchịkọta n'ime carbon budget nke ụzọ
  • Mmefu n'ime mmefu ego e kwere

Ọkwa 3 · Ikpo ụkwụ nke ndị na-ebupụta ngwaahịa mere

Ụlọ ọrụ na-ezikọ ihe nke na-azụta ọtụtụ ihe ọ na-ere: ihe dị ka 79 % nke afọ ntọala ya e bipụtara (≈ 37 kt CO₂e) bụ ngwaahịa azụtara, a gụrụ ya site na ihe nkezi dabere na mmefu; ndị fọdụrụ bụ isi gas usoro, ụgbọ ala van diesel na ọkụ eletrik. Ịzụrụ ahịa na-eto 6 % kwa afọ yana ire ahịa. Ebumnuche ahụ kpuchiri scope niile: n'ime afọ abụọ, ọnwa 12 na-aga n'ihu ga-anọrịrị n'ụzọ 4.2 % kwa afọ, ntọhapụ nchịkọta ga-adịkwa n'ime carbon budget ya, na enweghị nkwenye n'okpuru ±20 %. Mmefu ego 4 M€.

  • Ọnwa 12 na-aga n'ihu n'ụzọ ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ya n'ọnwa 24
  • Ntọhapụ nchịkọta n'ime carbon budget nke ụzọ
  • Enweghị nkwenye nke ndepụta n'okpuru ±20 %
  • Mmefu n'ime mmefu ego e kwere

Ntọala — ụdị dị n'azụ ọnụọgụ

Mmekọrịta ọ bụla simulator na-eji, na isi mmalite ya. Ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe akara dị ka echiche bụ nhazi ngosi.

Scope 1 — ntọhapụ kpọmkwem site na mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ọkụ: ọrụ × ihe ntọhapụ (IPCC defaults maka gas eke na diesel).
S1 = gas [TJ] × 56.1 t/TJ + diesel [TJ] × 74.1 t/TJ[5][1]
A na-akọ scope 2 ugboro abụọ: nke dabere n'ebe ọ dị na ihe nkezi grid, nke dabere na ahịa na ihe ọkụ eletrik e kwekọrịtara n'ezie — efu maka ike asambodo kpuchiri, residual mix maka ndị ọzọ.
S2_location = MWh × EF_grid; S2_market = MWh × (1 − certificate share) × EF_residual[2][9]Echiche: ihe grid na residual-mix, ihe input–output, oke enweghị nkwenye, oghere n'ndepụta mbụ, nzaghachi ndị na-ebupụta ngwaahịa, ọnụ ahịa, ọnụ ahịa na nha ọrụ bụ ụkpụrụ ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ nkịtị; iwu ndekọ ego, ihe mmanụ IPCC, ịgbasa enweghị nkwenye na ọnụego ụzọ 4.2 % bụ ndị e bipụtara.
Scope 3 ngwaahịa azụtara — usoro agwakọta: data nke ndị na-ebupụta ngwaahịa pụrụ iche ebe ha na-enye ya, mmefu × ihe nkezi input–output n'ebe ndị ọzọ.
S3 = Σ engaged spend × supplier intensity + Σ other spend × EEIO factor (0.40 kg/€)[3][4]Echiche: ihe grid na residual-mix, ihe input–output, oke enweghị nkwenye, oghere n'ndepụta mbụ, nzaghachi ndị na-ebupụta ngwaahịa, ọnụ ahịa, ọnụ ahịa na nha ọrụ bụ ụkpụrụ ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ nkịtị; iwu ndekọ ego, ihe mmanụ IPCC, ịgbasa enweghị nkwenye na ọnụego ụzọ 4.2 % bụ ndị e bipụtara.
Data ọrụ a tụrụ atụ n'ndepụta mbụ na-efu saịtị na invoice; naanị òkè a tụrụ zuru ezu.
reported activity = true × (1 − (1 − q_metered) × gap), gap ~ N(μ, 0.04) per source[1]Echiche: ihe grid na residual-mix, ihe input–output, oke enweghị nkwenye, oghere n'ndepụta mbụ, nzaghachi ndị na-ebupụta ngwaahịa, ọnụ ahịa, ọnụ ahịa na nha ọrụ bụ ụkpụrụ ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ nkịtị; iwu ndekọ ego, ihe mmanụ IPCC, ịgbasa enweghị nkwenye na ọnụego ụzọ 4.2 % bụ ndị e bipụtara.
Enweghị nkwenye na-agbakọta dị ka ntụziaka IPCC: n'ụdị quadrature maka ngwaahịa (ọrụ × ihe), a tụrụ site na nha maka nchikota isi mmalite.
U_source = √(U_AD² + U_EF²) (Eq. 3.1); U_total = √Σ(Uᵢ·Eᵢ)² / ΣEᵢ (Eq. 3.2)[6]
A na-agbakọghachi afọ ntọala mgbe usoroka mma ma ọ bụ njehie assurance chọtara na-ebugharị ya site na 5 % ma ọ bụ karịa, ka e nwee ike iji afọ ọ bụla tụnyere n'otu ụzọ.
recalculate base year if |B_today’s method / B_published − 1| ≥ 5 % (annual close, assurance finding)[1][7]
Ụzọ mbelata zuru oke: ihe ekwere na-agbada 4.2 % nke afọ ntọala kwa afọ. Ọdịiche ahụ na-atụnyere ọnwa iri na abụọ gara aga na ihe ekwere ahụ, ma afọ ntọala ma oge ahụ ka a na-agụ site na usoro nke taa (otu ihe na otu ihe).
allowed(t) = B × (1 − 0.042 · years since base); gap = rolling 12-month gross / allowed − 1 (B and the window both read with today’s method)[8][7]
A na-atụ ebumnuche na ntọhapụ zuru ezu. A na-ekpughe carbon credits iche ma ọ dịghị mgbe a na-agụ ha dị ka mbelata.
gross = S1 + S2_market + S3 (targets); net = gross − credits retired (shown apart, never counted)[7][9]
Ọnụ ahịa mbelata nke ọrụ: ọnụ ahịa isi obodo kwa afọ wepụrụ nchekwa ume kwa afọ, maka tọn ọ bụla a zere. Uru adịghị mma pụtara na ọrụ ahụ na-echekwa ego — n'akwụkwọ.
MAC = (capex × CRF(8 %, 15 y) − annual energy savings) / annual t abated; CRF = r(1+r)ⁿ/((1+r)ⁿ − 1)[10][11]Echiche: ihe grid na residual-mix, ihe input–output, oke enweghị nkwenye, oghere n'ndepụta mbụ, nzaghachi ndị na-ebupụta ngwaahịa, ọnụ ahịa, ọnụ ahịa na nha ọrụ bụ ụkpụrụ ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ nkịtị; iwu ndekọ ego, ihe mmanụ IPCC, ịgbasa enweghị nkwenye na ọnụego ụzọ 4.2 % bụ ndị e bipụtara.
Ihe ọrụ mbelata ọ bụla na-agbanwe na data ọrụ.
efficiency −10 % electricity · heat pump −50 % gas → + gas × 0.9 × 277.8 / COP 3 MWh · rooftop PV −100 MWh/mo (±40 % seasonal) · fleet −80 % diesel → + diesel × 277.8 / 3 MWh[1]Echiche: ihe grid na residual-mix, ihe input–output, oke enweghị nkwenye, oghere n'ndepụta mbụ, nzaghachi ndị na-ebupụta ngwaahịa, ọnụ ahịa, ọnụ ahịa na nha ọrụ bụ ụkpụrụ ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ nkịtị; iwu ndekọ ego, ihe mmanụ IPCC, ịgbasa enweghị nkwenye na ọnụego ụzọ 4.2 % bụ ndị e bipụtara.
Ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbanweghị nke ụdị ahụ na-eji.
grid 0.35 t/MWh, residual mix 0.42 t/MWh · EEIO 0.40 kg/€ · U: metered 2 %, estimated 20 %, grid 10 %, spend-based 50 %, supplier data 15 % · metering → 95 % metered, τ = 3 mo, 10 k€/mo · supplier programme 4 + 50 × share k€/mo, data τ = 6 mo, targets in place after a further τ = 6 mo, then engaged suppliers cut ≈ N(10 %, 1 %)/yr · certificates 4 €/MWh · credits 15 €/t · capex: efficiency 250 k€ (2 mo), PV 1 000 k€ (6 mo), heat pump 2 000 k€ (9 mo), fleet 800 k€ (8 mo) · prices: electricity 150 €/MWh, gas 40 €/MWh, diesel 1.5 €/L · first-inventory gap of estimated data N(μ, 4 %) per source · assurance re-performs the base year with complete activity data · ±3 % monthly activity noise · gas ±20 % seasonalEchiche: ihe grid na residual-mix, ihe input–output, oke enweghị nkwenye, oghere n'ndepụta mbụ, nzaghachi ndị na-ebupụta ngwaahịa, ọnụ ahịa, ọnụ ahịa na nha ọrụ bụ ụkpụrụ ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ nkịtị; iwu ndekọ ego, ihe mmanụ IPCC, ịgbasa enweghị nkwenye na ọnụego ụzọ 4.2 % bụ ndị e bipụtara.

Enweghị usoro: ihe mmepụta mulberry32 nwere mkpụrụ; nkesa ejiri — uniform, exponential (inverse CDF), normal (Box–Muller), Poisson (Knuth). A na-egosi mkpụrụ ma nwee ike ikekọrịta ya.

Isi mmalite

  1. The Greenhouse Gas Protocol — A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, Revised Edition (scopes; ch. 5 base-year recalculation for methodology changes and significant errors; ch. 7 inventory quality) — WRI / WBCSD, 2004
  2. GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance — location-based and market-based methods, dual reporting, Scope 2 Quality Criteria, residual mix — WRI / WBCSD, 2015
  3. Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard — WRI / WBCSD, 2011
  4. Technical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions, ch. 1 Purchased goods and services (supplier-specific, hybrid, average-data and spend-based methods) — WRI / WBCSD, 2013
  5. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 2 Energy, ch. 2 Stationary Combustion (Table 2.2: natural gas 56 100 kg CO₂/TJ, gas/diesel oil 74 100 kg CO₂/TJ) — IPCC / IGES, 2006
  6. 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol. 1 General Guidance, ch. 3 Uncertainties (Approach 1: Eq. 3.1 products, Eq. 3.2 sums) — IPCC / IGES, 2006
  7. SBTi Corporate Near-Term Criteria V5.3.1 (C8 one consistent scope 2 approach; C11 carbon credits not counted as reductions; 5 % significance threshold for recalculation) — Science Based Targets initiative, 2026
  8. SBTi Corporate Net-Zero Standard V1.3.1 Method Appendix — linear annual reduction rates, minimum 4.2 % per year (absolute contraction, 1.5 °C) — Science Based Targets initiative, 2026
  9. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 — ESRS E1 Climate change (E1-6 gross scopes 1, 2, 3 with scope 2 location- and market-based; E1-7 removals and carbon credits reported separately) — European Union, Official Journal, 2023
  10. F. Kesicki, P. Ekins — Marginal abatement cost curves: a call for caution — Climate Policy 12(2), 219–236, 2012
  11. Capital recovery factor A/P = r(1+r)ⁿ/((1+r)ⁿ − 1) — standard engineering-economics annuity factor (e.g. W. G. Sullivan et al., Engineering Economy) — Pearson, 2019

Ndị na-arụ nke a dị ka ọrụ

Ụdị agụmakwụkwọ — ọ bụghị maka mkpebi ọrụ. Ebe n'ezie na-edozi ihe niile na-agbanwe agbanwe dịka ngwá ọrụ na data nke ha si dị.