Na'urorin koyi na WIA SOOM

Kayan aikin tsaro da shirin aiki Samfurin kai-tsaye

Hanyar sadarwa ta ɗorewar aiki ta gama-gari a matakin koyarwar jama'a da littattafan karatu: na'urori 24 na gama-gari, ƙungiyoyin gyara 8, rumbun wadata da ayarin kaya ke cikawa, hanyar rediyo mai tashoshi 12 da wuraren firikwensin biyar. Ba a kwatanta wani tsari, runduna ko aiki na gaske ba — wannan bincike ne na ayyuka a bayan shirin aiki.

Abin da za ka koya

Na'urar koyi

Lokaci 0 h
Samuwar aiki 100% · Kwanakin wadata 3.2 · Rufewar sa ido 95% · Toshewar kiran fifiko 0.9%✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓Hannun jari na rumbu 500 · 3.2 d 📡 12 ch · 0.9%
  • Mai iya aiki
  • A cikin gyara
  • Ana jiran kayan gyara
  • Rufewar firikwensin

Sarrafawa

Sa'o'in aiki ga kowace na'ura a kowace rana. Ƙarin sauri, ƙarin lalacewa da mai.

Daga cikin ƙungiyoyin gyara 8; sauran suna aiki a kan na'urori.

Ɗauki kayan gyara daga na'urar da ke jiran kayan gyara. Ya fi sauri, amma yana ninka aiki.

Sa'o'i tsakanin ayarin kayan wadata (nauyi tabbatacce ga kowane ayari).

Kewayon yana ƙaruwa da tushen huɗu na ƙarfi; amfani da mai yana ƙaruwa a madaidaiciyar hanya.

Kiran yau da kullum ba za su ɗauki tashoshi r na ƙarshe da ba a amfani da su ba.

Yana yin ajiyar jigilar fifiko ɗaya: har oda 4 da ke buɗe suna isa cikin 24 h. Jigila ɗaya kawai za ta iya kasancewa a sama a lokaci guda, kuma kowace tana ragewa daga kasafin sufuri.

Yana ƙara tashoshi 4 bayan sa'o'i 3 na shiri; yana amfani da ɗan mai.

Alamomi

Samuwar aiki
100%
daidai
Kwanakin wadata
3.2d
daidai
Rufewar sa ido
95%
daidai
Toshewar kiran fifiko
0.9%
daidai
Ana jiran kayan gyara0
A cikin gyara0
Kayan gyara a hannu6
Kayan gyara a kan odar0
Odar da ba a cika ba (kayan gyaran da ake bi bashi)0
Jigilar fifiko da aka yi amfani da su0
Jigilar fifiko a sama (sa'o'in da suka rage)0 h
Hannun jari na rumbu500 u
Toshewar kiran yau da kullum0.9 %
Sa'o'in aikin jirgin0.0 h
Wuraren firikwensin da ke aiki5

Yanayi

Samuwar aiki: — %1000

Yanayin rikici

Mataki 1 · Hauhawar shirin aiki

Atisaye yana ƙara buƙatar sa'o'in aiki fiye da ninki biyu na kwana huɗu. Kayan gyara kaɗan ne, sake wadata ta yau da kullum yana ɗaukar kwana huɗu, kuma kasafin sufuri yana ɗaukar jigilar fifiko biyu. Ka cika sa'o'in ba tare da lalata shirin aiki ba, ba tare da tara odar da ba a cika ba, kuma ba tare da cunkushe hanyar rediyo ba.

  • Aƙalla sa'o'in aikin jirgin 790 a lokacin hauhawar
  • Matsakaicin samuwar aiki ≥ 86 % daga sa'a ta 30
  • Matsakaicin odar da ba a cika ba ≤ 2 a rana ta ƙarshe
  • Ba fiye da jigilar fifiko 2 ba (kasafin sufuri)
  • Matsakaicin toshewar fifiko ≤ 2 %
  • Matsakaicin toshewar yau da kullum ≤ 35 %

Mataki 2 · An rufe hanyar wadata

Ambaliya ta rufe hanya ɗaya tilo zuwa rumbun na sa'o'i 60. Ayarin kaya suna jere a bayanta. Ka sa hannun jari ya isa ba tare da barin rufewar sa ido ta rushe ba.

  • Rumbun ba ya taɓa ƙarewa (iyaka mai tsauri)
  • Matsakaicin rufewar sa ido ≥ 89 %
  • Aƙalla sa'o'in aiki 60 na ayyuka kafin a yanke hanya
  • Aƙalla sa'o'in aikin jirgin 440 gaba ɗaya
  • Aƙalla sa'o'in aiki 255 bayan hanya ta sake buɗewa

Mataki 3 · Tsangwamar rediyo da matsalolin firikwensin

Tsangwama ta lalata rabin tashoshin rediyo. Bayan sa'o'i goma sha biyu wuraren firikwensin biyu sun gaza. Ka ci gaba da zirga-zirga mai fifiko ka kuma dawo da rufewa.

  • Matsakaicin toshewar fifiko ≤ 3 %
  • Matsakaicin rufewa ≥ 88 % bayan matsalar firikwensin
  • Matsakaicin toshewar yau da kullum ≤ 40 % (kada ka kulle zirga-zirgar yau da kullum)
  • Matsakaicin samuwar aiki ≥ 80 %

Tushe — samfurin da ke bayan lambobin

Kowace alaƙa da na'urar koyi ke amfani da ita, tare da tushenta. Ƙayyadaddun ƙimomin da aka yi wa alama a matsayin zato daidaitawa ne na misali.

Samuwar aiki: kaso na lokacin da tsari ke shirye, har da jinkirin kayan aiki.
Ao = uptime / (uptime + downtime) ≈ MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR + MLDT)[1][2]
Na'urori suna lalacewa ba da tsari ba tare da lokacin lalacewa na exponential yayin aiki.
P(fail during h operating hours) = 1 − e^(−h/MTBF), MTBF = 40 h[2]Zato: MTBF, yiwuwar kayan gyara, yawan amfani da zirga-zirga lambobi ne na tsarawa gama-gari, ba bayanai kan wani tsari na gaske ba.
Ka'idar Palm: a wadata ɗaya-da-ɗaya, kayan gyara da ke cikin bututun suna bin rarraba Poisson.
pipeline ~ Poisson(mean = demand rate × lead time); backorders = (pipeline − S)⁺[4][3]
Gyare-gyare suna jira a layi da ƙayyadadden adadin ƙungiyoyi ke yi wa hidima.
c teams serve the maintenance queue (M/M/c); site teams + fleet teams = 8[9]Zato: MTBF, yiwuwar kayan gyara, yawan amfani da zirga-zirga lambobi ne na tsarawa gama-gari, ba bayanai kan wani tsari na gaske ba.
Kwanakin wadata: tsawon lokacin da rumbun ajiya zai ɗauka a amfani na yau.
DOS = stock / daily consumption[10]Kwanakin wadata ma'aunin tsarawa ne da ake amfani da shi a koyarwar ɗorewar aiki; rabon kansa lissafi ne mai sauƙi.
Toshewar Erlang B, da cikakken faɗaɗarsa idan an ajiye tashoshi don zirga-zirga mai fifiko.
B(0)=1, B(k) = A·B(k−1) / (k + A·B(k−1)); with reservation r: exact birth–death chain[5][6]
Lissafin kewayon radar: nisan ganowa yana ƙaruwa da tushen huɗu na ƙarfin da aka aika.
R ∝ P^(1/4) ⇒ πR² ∝ √P[7]
Sauran ƙayyadaddun ƙimomin tsarawa da samfurin ke amfani da su.
MTBF 40 operating h · part needed 40 % · repair Exp(6 h) · sites MTBF 300 h, repair Exp(8 h) · convoy 200 u · burn 1 u per operating h + 0.5 u/h per site at full power · relay +4 channels after 3 h · priority shipment: ≤ 4 open orders, lands within 24 h, one in flight at a time · ≥2 channels always open to routine trafficZato: MTBF, yiwuwar kayan gyara, yawan amfani da zirga-zirga lambobi ne na tsarawa gama-gari, ba bayanai kan wani tsari na gaske ba.
Samfurin rufewar Boolean: yiwuwar wani wuri ya kasance ana ganinsa ta aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin faifan firikwensin da yawa.
coverage = 1 − exp(−Σ πR_i² / A)[8]Zato: MTBF, yiwuwar kayan gyara, yawan amfani da zirga-zirga lambobi ne na tsarawa gama-gari, ba bayanai kan wani tsari na gaske ba.

Rashin tsari: mai samar da mulberry32 mai iri; rarrabawar da aka yi amfani da su — uniform, exponential (inverse CDF), normal (Box–Muller), Poisson (Knuth). Ana nuna iri kuma ana iya raba shi.

Tushe

  1. DoD Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Cost Rationale Report Manual (operational availability Ao) — U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2009
  2. MIL-HDBK-338B Electronic Reliability Design Handbook (exponential failure model, availability) — U.S. DoD, 1998
  3. C. C. Sherbrooke — METRIC: A Multi-Echelon Technique for Recoverable Item Control (Palm’s theorem, expected backorders) — Operations Research 16(1), 1968
  4. C. Palm — Analysis of the Erlang traffic formulae for busy-signal arrangements (Palm’s theorem on (S−1,S) pipelines) — Ericsson Technics No. 4, pp. 39–58, 1938
  5. ITU-D Study Group 2 — Teletraffic Engineering Handbook: Erlang B recursion E_x = A·E_(x−1)/(x + A·E_(x−1)); Erlang C — ITU, 2002
  6. F. P. Kelly — Loss Networks (trunk reservation) — Annals of Applied Probability 1(3), 1991
  7. MIT Lincoln Laboratory — Introduction to Radar Systems, Lecture 2: radar range equation S/N = P_t G² λ² σ / ((4π)³ R⁴ k T_s B_n L) — MIT Lincoln Laboratory
  8. P. Hall — Introduction to the Theory of Coverage Processes (Boolean model: vacancy = e^(−λ·E|disc|)) — Wiley, 1988
  9. D. Gross, C. M. Harris — Fundamentals of Queueing Theory (M/M/c, machine-repair models) — Wiley, 2008
  10. U.S. Army FM 4-0 Sustainment Operations — sustainment planning concepts (days of supply as a planning measure) — Headquarters, Department of the Army, 2026

Waɗanda ke yin wannan a matsayin sana'a

Samfurin ilimi — ba don yanke shawarar aiki ba. Wuraren gaske suna daidaita kowace ƙayyadaddiyar ƙima da kayan aiki da bayanansu.