Kuna tafiyar da aiki ɗaya a wani sashe na layin haɗa mota na ƙarshe: tashoshi biyar a jere tare da ƙananan hanyoyin ajiya a tsakaninsu. Kowace tsayawa tana tafiya sama da ƙasa a layi, kowane lahani ko dai a gyara shi a tasha ko ya wuce gaba, kuma aikin yana da shirin samarwa da za a cim ma.
Kashi na gudun da aka ƙayyade. Zagaye masu sauri suna ƙara fitarwa — da kuma ƙimar lalacewa da lahani.
Raka'o'in da kowace hanya tsakanin tashoshi za ta iya riƙewa. Ƙari yana raba tsayawar, amma yana ƙara aiki mai gudana.
Kowane mai fasaha yana gyara tasha ɗaya; ana fara da wurin da ke jinkirta layi, mai fasaha na biyu yana hanzarta gyara.
Masu aiki suna dakatar da tashar su don gyara lahani a wurin. Yana lakume lokacin aiki — har da tsayawa saboda matsalolin da suka zama ba komai ba — amma yana hana lahani ci gaba.
Ƙungiya ta mutum uku tana gyara raka'o'in da gwajin ƙarshen layi ya kama tsawon awa ɗaya, don a tura su.
| Samuwa | 100.0 % |
|---|---|
| Aiki | 0.0 % |
| Ƙimar inganci | 100.0 % |
| Gudu da takt | 100 % |
| Yawan fitarwa | 50.0 JPH |
| Raka'o'i a gaba (+) / a baya (−) da shiri | 0 |
| Lokacin isarwa ta layi | 16 min |
| Raka'o'in da ke jira a wurin gyara | 0 |
| Sa'o'in aiki ga kowace raka'a | 0.00 h |
| Tashoshi da suka tsaya | 0 |
| Wurin jinkiri ba ya aiki (yunwa ko toshe) | 0.0 % |
Tsari: raka'o'i 50 a kowace sa'a don rabin aiki na sa'o'i huɗu. Tasha ta 3 ita ce bottleneck na layi kuma akwai ma'aikacin gyara ɗaya kawai a aiki. Sashen gyara ya ba da rahoton cewa wani sashe da ya lalace a tasha ta 2 — daidai gaban bottleneck — dole a maye shi a minti na 35: aikin minti 40 ga ma'aikaci ɗaya.
Tsari: raka'o'i 52 a kowace sa'a don rabin aiki na sa'o'i huɗu, kuma raka'o'i goma daga aikin da ya gabata har yanzu suna jiran a wurin gyara. Mintuna ashirin bayan fara, matsalar ɗaurewa ta bayyana a tasha ta 4: kusan raka'a ɗaya a cikin takwas tana fita da lahani. Gwajin ƙarshen layi yana kama mafi yawansu — ba duka ba.
Layin yana gudu a 80 % na gudu don tsarin raka'o'i 47 a kowace sa'a. Mintuna ashirin cikin rabin aiki, sashen tallace-tallace ya ɗaga tsari zuwa raka'o'i 56 a kowace sa'a — lokacin takt ya ragu daga kusan 1.28 zuwa mintuna 1.07, kuma bottleneck ba zai iya ci gaba a 80 % ba. Ba a yarda da aikin kari ba.
Kowace alaƙa da na'urar koyi ke amfani da ita, tare da tushenta. Ƙayyadaddun ƙimomin da aka yi wa alama a matsayin zato daidaitawa ne na misali.
OEE = A × P × Q; A = (T_plan − T_stop)/T_plan, P = CT_ideal · N_bn / (T_plan − T_stop), Q = N_first-pass / N_out; OEE = CT_ideal · N_good / T_plan when N_bn = N_out[1][2]Lissafin yana daidai da lokacin zagaye na manufa × raka'o'i masu kyau ÷ lokacin da aka tsara ne kawai idan fitarwar bottleneck ta yi daidai da fitarwar layi; raka'o'in da har yanzu suke tsakanin tasha ta 3 da ƙarshen layi suna kawo ɗan bambanci.station i: cycle = c_i / v; moves on iff buffer_i < K (else blocked); starts iff buffer_{i−1} > 0 (else starved)[3][4]r_line ≤ r_b = v / max_i c_i; takt = available time / demand = 60 / plan [min/unit][5][7]σ_n(v) = ((1.05 − 0.85) / (1.05 − v))^n (σ = 1 at 85 %; σ_1: 2× at 95 %, 4× at 100 %; σ_2: 4× at 95 %, 16× at 100 %)Zato: lokutan zagaye, lokutan lalacewa da gyara, ƙimar lahani da tsayawar ƙarya, dokar damuwar gudu da girman ƙungiyoyi ƙimomi ne na misali, ba bayanai daga ainihin masana'anta ba.P(fail in Δt) = 1 − exp(−λ_i · t_work), λ_i = σ_1(v) / MTBF_i; repair work ~ Erlang-3(mean MTTR_i), done at rate 1 + 0.6·(n−1), n ≤ 2[4][1]Zato: lokutan zagaye, lokutan lalacewa da gyara, ƙimar lahani da tsayawar ƙarya, dokar damuwar gudu da girman ƙungiyoyi ƙimomi ne na misali, ba bayanai daga ainihin masana'anta ba.p_i = p0_i · σ_2(v) (+0.12 excursion at S4); andon: detect 90 %, stop 1.5 min, fix; false stops 0.3 % · σ_2(v) per unit and station; end-of-line test catches 70 %[7][1]Zato: lokutan zagaye, lokutan lalacewa da gyara, ƙimar lahani da tsayawar ƙarya, dokar damuwar gudu da girman ƙungiyoyi ƙimomi ne na misali, ba bayanai daga ainihin masana'anta ba.lead time W = WIP / throughput (L = λW)[6][5]cycle c = 0.62/0.64/0.90/0.75/0.72 min at rated speed (S3 = bottleneck) · MTBF 120/100/200/110/150 min of work, MTTR 4/4/3/4/3 min at 85 % speed · S2 part replacement 40 technician-min · p0 = 0.15/0.15/0.2/0.2/0.05 % per unit · excursion contained after 3 andon pulls or 15 units caught at test · rework 4 min/unit, team of 3 for 1 h per call · 40 line operators · moving averages over 30 minZato: lokutan zagaye, lokutan lalacewa da gyara, ƙimar lahani da tsayawar ƙarya, dokar damuwar gudu da girman ƙungiyoyi ƙimomi ne na misali, ba bayanai daga ainihin masana'anta ba.Rashin tsari: mai samar da mulberry32 mai iri; rarrabawar da aka yi amfani da su — uniform, exponential (inverse CDF), normal (Box–Muller), Poisson (Knuth). Ana nuna iri kuma ana iya raba shi.
Samfurin ilimi — ba don yanke shawarar aiki ba. Wuraren gaske suna daidaita kowace ƙayyadaddiyar ƙima da kayan aiki da bayanansu.