🚗 Khadka isu-uruurinta gawaarida Qaabka tooska ah

Aasaas — moodelka ka dambeeya tirooyinka

Xiriir kasta oo jilaha isticmaalo, iyo ilaha uu ka yimid. Mudnaanta lagu calaamadiyay malo-awaal waa hagaajin muunad ah.

OEE wuxuu isku dhufadaa helitaanka, waxqabadka iyo tayada, oo lagu cabbiro dhibaha; wuxuu la mid yahay waqtiga wareegga ugu fiican × cutubyada wanaagsan ÷ waqtiga la qorsheeyey.

OEE = A × P × Q; A = (T_plan − T_stop)/T_plan, P = CT_ideal · N_bn / (T_plan − T_stop), Q = N_first-pass / N_out; OEE = CT_ideal · N_good / T_plan when N_bn = N_out[1][2]Wax-isku-dhufashadu waxay la mid tahay waqtiga wareegga ugu fiican × cutubyada wanaagsan ÷ waqtiga la qorsheeyey kaliya inta wax-soo-saarka dhibuhu uu la mid yahay wax-soo-saarka khadka; cutubyada weli u dhexeeya saldhigga 3 iyo dhammaadka khadku waxay sameeyaan farqi yar.

Saldhig wuxuu cutubkiisa hore u gudbiyaa kaliya haddii kaydka xiga uu meel leeyahay (haddii kale waa xannibmay) wuxuuna bilaabaa kaliya haddii kaydka hore uu cutub leeyahay (haddii kale waa gaajooday).

station i: cycle = c_i / v; moves on iff buffer_i < K (else blocked); starts iff buffer_{i−1} > 0 (else starved)[3][4]

Khadku weligiis ma aadan ka dhakhso badnaan karin saldhigiisa ugu gaabiska badan; takt time waa waqtiga la heli karo oo loo qaybiyey baahida.

r_line ≤ r_b = v / max_i c_i; takt = available time / demand = 60 / plan [min/unit][5][7]

Walaaca xawaaraha: luminta xawaaruhu kicinayo way kortaa xad la'aan marka khadku u dhowaado xadka qalabkiisa iyo shaqaalihiisa (105 % xawaaraha lagu qiimeeyey).

σ_n(v) = ((1.05 − 0.85) / (1.05 − v))^n (σ = 1 at 85 %; σ_1: 2× at 95 %, 4× at 100 %; σ_2: 4× at 95 %, 16× at 100 %)Filasho: waqtiyada wareegga, waqtiyada jabka iyo dayactirka, heerarka cilladaha iyo joojinta been-abuurka ah, sharciga walaaca xawaaraha iyo cabbirrada kooxaha waa qiyamyo tusaale ah, ma aha xog warshad dhab ah.

Saldhigyadu waxay jabaan kaliya marka ay shaqeynayaan, mar badan sida khadku u dhow yahay xadkiisa; waqtiga dayactirku wuu yaraadaa marka farsamoyaqaan labaad ku biiro.

P(fail in Δt) = 1 − exp(−λ_i · t_work), λ_i = σ_1(v) / MTBF_i; repair work ~ Erlang-3(mean MTTR_i), done at rate 1 + 0.6·(n−1), n ≤ 2[4][1]Filasho: waqtiyada wareegga, waqtiyada jabka iyo dayactirka, heerarka cilladaha iyo joojinta been-abuurka ah, sharciga walaaca xawaaraha iyo cabbirrada kooxaha waa qiyamyo tusaale ah, ma aha xog warshad dhab ah.

Cilladuhu xawaaraha waxay ula kordhaan si ka siman jabka. Markii andon la isticmaalo, cilladaha badankoodu waxay ku soo qabsadaan oo ku saxmaan saldhigga, iyagoo ku kacaya joojinno gaaban (qaar ka mid ah waa digniin been ah); haddii kale tijaabada dhammaadka khadku qaar ayuu qabsadaa inta kalena way baxsadaan.

p_i = p0_i · σ_2(v) (+0.12 excursion at S4); andon: detect 90 %, stop 1.5 min, fix; false stops 0.3 % · σ_2(v) per unit and station; end-of-line test catches 70 %[7][1]Filasho: waqtiyada wareegga, waqtiyada jabka iyo dayactirka, heerarka cilladaha iyo joojinta been-abuurka ah, sharciga walaaca xawaaraha iyo cabbirrada kooxaha waa qiyamyo tusaale ah, ma aha xog warshad dhab ah.

Sharciga Little: celceliska waqtiga khadka dhex maraya waa shaqada socota oo loo qaybiyey xawaaraha dhex-mara.

lead time W = WIP / throughput (L = λW)[6][5]

Isku-xirayaal kale oo hawlgal oo moodelku isticmaalo.

cycle c = 0.62/0.64/0.90/0.75/0.72 min at rated speed (S3 = bottleneck) · MTBF 120/100/200/110/150 min of work, MTTR 4/4/3/4/3 min at 85 % speed · S2 part replacement 40 technician-min · p0 = 0.15/0.15/0.2/0.2/0.05 % per unit · excursion contained after 3 andon pulls or 15 units caught at test · rework 4 min/unit, team of 3 for 1 h per call · 40 line operators · moving averages over 30 minFilasho: waqtiyada wareegga, waqtiyada jabka iyo dayactirka, heerarka cilladaha iyo joojinta been-abuurka ah, sharciga walaaca xawaaraha iyo cabbirrada kooxaha waa qiyamyo tusaale ah, ma aha xog warshad dhab ah.

Aan-kala-sooc: abuurahaha mulberry32 oo abuur leh; qaybinta la isticmaalay — isku-mid, tibaax (CDF rogan), caadi (Box–Muller), Poisson (Knuth). Abuurka waa la muujiyaa waana la wadaagi karaa.

Ilaha

1. S. Nakajima — Introduction to TPM: Total Productive Maintenance (OEE = availability × performance × quality; six big losses) — Productivity Press, 1988
2. ISO 22400-2:2014 — Automation systems and integration — KPIs for manufacturing operations management — Part 2: Definitions and descriptions (availability, effectiveness, quality ratio, OEE index) — ISO, 2014
3. J. A. Buzacott, J. G. Shanthikumar — Stochastic Models of Manufacturing Systems (flow lines with finite buffers, blocking, starvation) — Prentice Hall, 1993
4. Y. Dallery, S. B. Gershwin — Manufacturing flow line systems: a review of models and analytical results (operation-dependent failures, blocking after service) — Queueing Systems 12, 1992
5. W. J. Hopp, M. L. Spearman — Factory Physics, 3rd ed. (bottleneck rate, variability buffering, Little’s law) — Waveland Press, 2011
6. J. D. C. Little — A Proof for the Queuing Formula L = λW — Operations Research 9(3), 1961
7. T. Ohno — Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production (jidoka, stopping the line on abnormalities, takt) — Productivity Press, 1988